Supreme Court of India
About the Supreme Court of India
The supreme court of India has many benches for the litigation, and this apex court has power to punish anybody for its individual crime conduct. Constitution bench is the largest bench of the Supreme Court of India and comprises 5 or 7 judges.
Features of Supreme Court
- Senior advocates
- Advocate on record
- Other advocates
Advocate on record: They are the only advocates who are permitted to file any matter or document before the Supreme Court.
Other advocate: They are advocates who can appear and can argue any matter on behalf of a party in the Supreme Court but they are not given the power to file any document or matter before the court.
Power of judicial review
- Supreme Court of India is the interpreter of the constitution and its decision is considered to be the final. Laws passed by the union and state legislatures are reviewed by this court as it has the power to do so.
- The Supreme Court of India can declare a law ultra null or void if it is against the letter and spirit of the constitution. The power is referred to as power of the judicial review.
- Judiciary is the protector of our fundamental rights and only source of justice to us.
- Constitution can plea concerning reading of the constitution certified by a High Court.
- Criminal of a high court has passed death sentence reversing the order of a release of an inferior court.
- Supreme Court can admit the case only if he finds that the case is fit for appeal and involves substantial question of law or fact and certified by the high court.
- President is allowed to seek legal advice from Supreme Court on any issue of public importance. Supreme Court provides its advice after full consideration. A person who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practicing in any court of law or before any other authority in India.
Qualifications of a Supreme Court Judge
- a citizen of India
- he/she should be judge of a High Court for at least five years
- should be advocate of a High Court for at least ten years
- should hold distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President
Appointment of a Supreme Court Judge
Tenure:
Removal:
Powers and Functions of Supreme Court
Original Jurisdiction:
- among the Centre and one or more States,
- it can be between the Centre and any State or it can be States on the one side and one or more other States on the other,
- it can be between two or more States.
Advisory Jurisdiction
- The
President of India can seek the view of the Court if there is a
question of law or fact where the explanation of the Constitution is
involved.
- The Supreme Court may give its outlook on the President’s question but it is not obligatory on any party.
Appellate jurisdiction
- Constitutional Cases: A plea can be made to the Supreme Court in cases which relate to the interpretation of the Constitution.
- Civil Cases: In a civil cases also, a petition can be made to the Supreme Court against a decision of a High court.
- Criminal Cases: A request can be made in the Supreme Court against any judgement, concluding order or sentence given by a High Court. High courts are the last courts of appeal in cases regarding criminal matters. Supreme Court has been given the special power by the Parliament to hear appeal against the verdict of the High Courts in criminal matters.
Public Interest Litigation
Even if the injured party or victim do not file cases, any one from the general public, may file court case, if it is in the general public interest. It is the privilege of the Court to consider or not to consider the application for Public Interest proceedings.
Court of Records
- The judgements of the Supreme Court are documented and considered as authoritative and serve as cases, laws and proceedings.
- The Supreme Court is considered as the protector of the Fundamental Rights of the citizens. and for this purpose, it has been given the authority of issuing certain writs like that of "habeas corpus", "mandamus"," prohibition", "quo warranto" and "certiorari".
- It can also issue orders and directions.
Contempt of Court
Judgment and order Of the court:
The Supreme Court has the power to review any judgement given by it earlier.
- emergence of new details and evidence related to the case.
- a blunder is found according to its own record.
- there are enough reasons for review.
Address: Tilak Marg, Mandi House, New Delhi, Delhi 110001
Phone: 011 2338 8922